Digital SAT Reading & Writing Test 4

Even if a person does “make it” by creating original content and __________ a viewer base, a career as an influencer is not very stable. Recent changes to an Internet company’s monetization algorithm had thousands of short video creators up in arms as they saw profits plummet with no explanation from the platform

Born in 1644 during the Tokugawa period (also known as the Edo period), Matsuo Bashō became interested in poetry and literature after going to Ueno Castle and being in the ________ the lord’s son.

Scientists found a way to avoid the negative impact of chemical selectivity by implementing a more controlled reaction process. Scientists ________ the benzene reaction to produce a product like what they originally intended, but one that did not add multiple sidechains to the benzene ring. This technique came to be known as Friedel-Crafts Acylation, a now widely used technique in the production of benzene-containing products.

In his most recent, Words Without Music, Glass discusses his influences, beginning with his Jewish father who ran a record shop in Baltimore. His father’s love for Schubert, Shostakovich, and Bartók ______ in Glass a love for music; by the time he was fifteen years old, he had become the classical music buyer for the record shop.

During transcription, nucleotides are polymerized into a strand of mRNA whose sequence is complementary to that of the template DNA. This “pre mRNA” typically contains several regions of non-coding material, or “introns,” that must be excised prior to translation of the protein-coding regions, which are referred to as “exons.” In a complex process known as splicing, the introns are extracted and degraded, while the adjacent ends of exons are adjoined, and trafficked out of the nucleus to the endoplasmic reticulum, where protein synthesis can at last begin

A third of all Fortune 500 CEOs possess liberal arts degrees. LEAP, or Liberal Education & America’s Promise, is an initiative launched by the Association of American Colleges & Universities to emphasize the importance of a 21st-century liberal arts education for individuals and a nation “dependent on economic creativity and democratic vitality.” According to LEAP’s recent national survey, 93% of employers say that “a demonstrated capacity to think critically, communicate clearly, and solve complex problems is more important than undergraduate major.” You’ve guessed it—these three skill sets are the unifying objective of liberal arts programs nationwide.

Text 1 As online education becomes accredited and archives make it easy for employers to see students’ work and achievements, open online education is in position to overtake its predecessor. Digital credentials, reputable degrees, and professional certificates mean that employers cannot only rest assured that employees have extensive training and knowledge, but will also, for the first time, be able to effortlessly glimpse academic accomplishments, rather than try to decipher the meaningless acronyms on standardized transcripts. Text 2 The open educational movement really took off in 2008; and, within just a few short years, providers like Coursera, Udacity, and edX emerged among hundreds of other self-paced, virtual education platforms, including the immensely popular Khan Academy, that offer quality learning at a great price, free. Now, students could enjoy learning outside of a formal education environment with asynchronous and unconstrained access to free content.

The following text is from is Walt Whitman’s 1881 poem “No Labor-Saving Machine.” No labor-saving machine, Nor discovery have I made; Nor will I be able to leave behind me any wealthy bequest to found a hospital or library, Nor reminiscence of any deed of courage, for America, Nor literary success, nor intellect—nor book for the book-shelf; Only a few carols, vibrating through the air, I leave, For comrades and lovers

The following text is adapted from James Joyce’s 1914 story “An Encounter.” A young, unnamed narrator searches for release from the constraints of daily routine It was Joe Dillon who introduced the Wild West to us. He had a little library made up of old numbers of The Union Jack , Pluck, and The Halfpenny Marvel . Every evening after school we met in his back garden and arranged [battles]. He and his . . . brother Leo, the idler, held the loft of the stable while we tried to carry it by storm; or we fought a pitched battle on the grass. But, however well we fought, we never won siege or battle and all our bouts ended with Joe Dillon’s . . . dance of victory. His parents went to eight-o’clock mass every morning in Gardiner Street and the peaceful odor of Mrs. Dillon was prevalent in the hall of the house. But he played too fiercely for us who were younger and more timid

“How Like a Winter My Absence Hath Been” is a 1609 poem by William Shakespeare. In the poem, the narrator addresses an unseen person, expressing his longing for them. An English teacher claims that the narrator expresses a deep personal feeling of melancholy: _________

Immobility has many harmful effects on the human body, ranging from bone degradation to cardiac atrophy. This is often seen in astronauts who return from space. Even with workout equipment and hours of exercise completed, astronauts still suffer from cardiac atrophy as a response to immobility. During hibernation, bears do not experience cardiac atrophy—unraveling how bears can combat the harmful effects of long periods of immobilization could provide numerous benefits in human medicine. Therefore, research about bear hibernation will lead to significant applications for human astronauts in the quest to minimize the negative effects of long immobility

Organic crops have become increasingly popular with consumers who seek out food raised without chemical pesticides. Many consumers, however, are deterred from purchasing organic crops due to the increased costs. A consumer researcher claims that the prices of organic crops can often be substantially higher than those of conventionally raised crops: __________

Daisy Bates was the president of the Arkansas State Conference of the NAACP in the 1950s. She wrote a letter to NAACP executive secretary Roy Wilkins on December 17, 1957, about the situation in the Little Rock schools, which had recently been required to comply with the recent decision by the federal government to integrate schools. She wanted to convince school officials that schools should integrate in a safe manner.

The electoral college system in the United States is used to select electors who then select the winner of the U.S. Presidency. A shortcoming of this system is that it is quite difficult for third parties to have their voices heard since it is a “winner-take-all” system. A political scientist claims that a major plus of the electoral college, on the other hand, is that even if a candidate only secures a plurality of the popular vote, they will end up with a majority of the electoral vote, contributing to the country unifying around a single leader.

Motivation is something that drives someone to do something. Intrinsic motivators arise from the individual. Extrinsic motivators are outside forces acting upon an individual. Examples of intrinsic motivators are personal enjoyment, self-fulfillment, and having fun. These examples could be observed in real life as dancing because you like it, reading a book about a topic of personal interest, or journaling because it helps organize thoughts. Examples of extrinsic motivators are money, avoiding consequences, and getting something valued in return for doing something. These examples could be observed in real life as promising a child a toy for taking medicine, going to work to earn money, or ___________

People have different opinions on the key to success. Being successful is not a single-person act. __________ needs others in order to succeed and thrive.

Cats have woven ______ way throughout much of human history. The earliest evidence of a cat being kept as a pet comes from a grave in Cyprus dated to about 9,500 years ago in which a cat was buried with its owner, likely out of love and respect for the animal.

The job search can be very frustrating for people who don’t realize a key element in most ________ you know, it’s whom you know. This old axiom is true in hiring discussions across the United States

Hugo Ball, a writer from Zürich, Switzerland, founded the Dada movement in 1916 as a means of expressing his view that the war started due to societal collapse. It is believed that Ball’s Dada movement ________ after a meeting with his Cabaret Voltaire: a Zürich-based group of artists and individuals against the war.

During the process of photorespiration, there is a release of carbon dioxide, a consumption of oxygen, and no chemical energy or food is produced. As a result, photorespiration is considered to be a waste of energy—it does not ____________

The crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthetic process is an unusual plant adaptation that ________ plants to photosynthesize during the day and perform carbon fixation at night.

Like with other artistic pursuits, arguably the best training comes from working as an apprentice with a master of the craft. Aspiring chefs may set up ____________ a cook to learn new cooking methods from a highly respected professional.

While hunting, platypuses store their prey in their cheeks and break down their food using gravel or dirt from the water _______ they have grinding plates in their bills instead of teeth

Soap does not kill just bacteria that are fatal to humans. ________ it works as an agent to remove all germs. Therefore, humans who over-wash have much less exposure to relatively harmless germs that their immune systems should be able to fend off

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: Dayton, a city in southwest Ohio, is the birthplace of many inventions. Wilbur and Orville Wright, residents of Dayton, conducted aviation research and experiments and developed the first successful motor powered airplane. The self-starter for cars was also invented in Dayton by Charles F. Kettering, allowing motorists to stop hand cranking their vehicles. The ice cube tray with a quick release mechanism is another Dayton invention. Before this innovation, ice cubes couldn’t be released from the tray without a soak in hot water. The Boolean search method and the pop top for soda cans were also invented in Dayton.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: Many people think piranhas are extremely dangerous animals that regularly eat people. There are many different types of piranhas and some are vegetarians. The most common type, the red-bellied piranha, is carnivorous. Like sharks, piranhas have an excellent sense of small and carnivorous piranhas are attracted by blood. Piranhas live in groups and in murky water. When one piranha takes a bite of food, it signals to nearby piranhas that there is food. Researchers have found that piranhas exhibit shoaling behavior for their own safety against predators and to protect their nests

While conducting research, a student took these notes: Some astronomers have long warned of the dangers of a large asteroid strike on Earth. It has long been hypothesized that asteroid impact could lead to the extinction of hundreds if not thousands of species of animals. Many scientists have studied the idea of predicting and avoiding asteroid impact, but few definitive strategies have emerged. Everything from lasers to bombs have been suggested as possible ways to change the trajectory of a near-impact asteroid. In 2022, NASA crashed a spacecraft into small asteroid, succeeding in modifying its orbit

Juan was surprised by what he heard but ________ the information as lies. He knew many of his peers were jealous of his success, but he doubted they would stoop so low.

Unique markings allow the servals to blend into the waving grasses on the savannahs where they make their homes. Camouflaging into their habitat allows servals to approach their favorite prey without being ______

When the speaker was done, the crowd rose and clapped vigorously. Yet, at the question-and-answer session, attentive spectators ______ several points —particularly that the speech’s moral lesson came off as condescending and was generally unfounded.

A promising alternative fuel source is biodiesel. Biodiesel is made from animal fats, plant fats, and even used grease from restaurants. The glycerol backbone is removed from the fat, breaking the fat into three different chains, which are then reacted with an alcohol to form the biodiesel. This type of chemical reaction is called a transesterification.

After platypuses first appeared in Australia about 100 million years ago, they took over the country’s ______ however, when marsupials appeared in Australia 54 to 71 million years ago, they became the country’s dominant species everywhere but in the water.

Great Expectations is an 1861 novel by Charles Dickens. In the story, Pip, a poor orphan who is cared for by his sister and her husband, meets the young girl who will become the lifetime object of his affections while simultaneously becoming aware of his lowly position in the British class system. For a long time I went once a week to this strange, gloomy house—it was called Satis House—and once Estella told me I might kiss her. And then Miss Havisham decided I was to be apprenticed to Joe, and gave him £25 for the purpose; and I left off going to see her, and helped Joe in the forge. But I didn’t like Joe’s trade, and I was afflicted by thamost miserable thing—to feel ashamed of home.

Unlike other viruses for which vaccines are available—several of which, through tenacious public health efforts, have been eradicated worldwide— influenza remains a perennial menace, and due to the unique nature of its genome, is unlikely to ever be completely conquered.

The following text is adapted from Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s 1867 address to the Judiciary Committees of the legislature of New York. She argued for the right of Black men and all women to vote in the election of delegates to the Constitutional Convention. The wheel of progress moves onward, and man must, in the nature of things, throw off old customs, creeds and codes, as the snake sheds its skin in the new growth, and from the dead letters of the past, emerge into higher civilization. History shows that each generation has been marked by some new idea, alike tending to the greater freedom and equality of man; and those who, in their blindness or folly, have tried to block this onward march, have invariably been ground to powder. We see a signal instance of this in the summary manner in which an indignant people have ridden rough-shod over Andrew Johnson and his satellites—showing that even the head of a nation is nothing, but as he represents the leading ideas of his generation. They only are immortal who link the future to the past and roll on the triumphal car of progress to the brighter and the better day

In the 1954 U.S. Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education, American schools were legally desegregated. In making this decision, the court observed that minority students at segregated schools were usually educationally disadvantaged relative to students at integrated schools.

Probiotics are full of millions of bacteria to help create a better digestive system. A popular type of probiotic is one that must be refrigerated. One researcher claimed that the requirement of cold temperatures makes this type of probiotic ill-suited for ingestion in the stomach.

A researcher is investigating perceptions about the leading causes of traumatic brain injuries. The researcher finds that most Americans believe that violent physical assaults and car crashes are the most significant source of traumatic brain injuries. The researcher would like to educate the American public on the fact that while car crashes and physical assaults are a significant source of traumatic brain injuries, the larger danger is from less dramatic injuries that could take place closer to home: _________

Because of the antimicrobial properties of soap, a thorough washing will take away almost all bacteria from a surface. Whether a person is washing their hands or wiping down their countertop, soap creates a sterile environment. This is crucial at times when pernicious bacteria are present (like when handling raw food or after using the restroom). However, living in a constantly sterile environment is, for the average person, ________

Get-rich-quick schemes have probably existed since humans first used money to buy instead of goods to barter. Most have learned to be wary of people and organizations that claim to be an easy path to riches. However, in the 1950s a new type of scheme emerged disguised as a work or career opportunity but was designed to pad the pockets of a select few. This effective setup targeted young women who found life at home to be boring after returning to domesticity after World War II. It allowed a woman to feel like she was contributing financially to her family’s well-being while still maintaining her role in the household. This sales system, called multi-level marketing (MLM), still pervades our society today, __________

Throughout Europe, the Age of Enlightenment ushered in a renewed and unprecedented interest in scientific investigation. A devotee to the zeitgeist, 17th-century scientist Robert Boyle redefined the word “element” to describe a substance that cannot be degraded into simpler forms by chemical reaction. His definition not only liberated the word from its erroneous Aristotelian origins, but it survived for a full 300 years—during which it was used in the invention of the periodic table—until _______________

Since the beginning of roller derby, it _____ included players who are often marginalized in society because of their race, which is something that continues to be the case even today

March was abnormally __________ the latter part of the month. April, however, was unusually warm for the springtime.

Prospective employees see the listings, apply, and wait eagerly by the phone only to never hear anything. No response at all for one job after another— ______

Some graffiti decreases the value of an area by making it appear abandoned and unkempt. Other graffiti spruces up a blank wall, adds much needed color, and creates art in an otherwise dismal space. ________

For many students approaching the end of their collegiate studies, the prospect of finding a job is daunting. While some will already have leads based on professor recommendations or internship work, others will look at thousands of posts on online job boards and ______

Each discipline has its own focus, but the thought process and science underlying all engineering problems are more similar than different. This empowers __________

Whereas a traditional English teacher might assign canonical texts and then assess a ________ understanding of plot, setting, and character analyses, a critical English teacher assigns literature with a goal in mind of what the class will get from that particular text, and then encourages the class to talk about how the social issues reflect their own lives, whose voices weren’t heard, and how the story might be told differently from another perspective.

Both Truman and MacArthur were American leaders in the late 1940s and early 1950s in the aftermath of the Allied victory during World War II. Naturally, only one of them could emerge victorious from the rubble of _______ power struggle.

After a year and a half, Wilson’s term as president ended and Edith became again just his wife. However, her role in running the country during Wilson’s illness should be remembered by history. Whoever ends up being the first woman to take the oath of the office of president will __________

Catering can be a good fit for those who would like to work as a chef on a more part-time basis, _______ they could schedule their catering jobs around their family obligations.

The biggest fundamental issue that impacts the fair treatment of guest workers is ensuring that guest workers have a voice. Laws may be in place; _______ they do nothing if the guest workers cannot speak up when something is wrong for fear of retribution

While conducting research, a student took these notes: The Battle of Gettysburg was a turning point in the American Civil War. General Meade commanded the Union forces at the Battle of Gettysburg while General Robert E. Lee commanded the Confederate troops. The battle lasted three days. Abraham Lincoln visited the site soon thereafter and gave the Gettysburg Address. The Battle of Gettysburg was the northernmost battle of the American Civil War

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: Psoriasis is a common skin condition, affecting one out of 100 Americans. Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition, caused by an overactive immune system. Psoriasis often presents as itchy, silvery plaques, or patches, on the skin, which can become irritated and bleed. People with psoriasis can have just the skin changes, just arthritis, or both, called psoriatic arthritis. Psoriasis is not contagious, but if the effects or appearance are bothersome, there are many treatment options.